Summary of results
- Omega-3 EPA and DHA have been shown to have a proven clinical efficacy in several health areas.
- They reduce the post-infarction cardiovascular mortality of 20% (GISSI study).
- They improve memory in the elderly (MIDAS study)
- They slow the progression of AMD (AREDS2 study) and reduce joint inflammation (Calder study).
- These effects are obtained with doses of 850 to 900 mg/day , validated by benchmark clinical trials
Synergistic benefits and documented mechanisms
Several solid clinical studies validate the effectiveness of fatty acids EPA And DHA , found in fish liver oil, for cardiovascular, cognitive, ocular, and inflammatory health benefits. Here are the key references:
1. Cardiovascular health
GISSI-Prevenzione study (1999)
- Population : 11,324 post-infarction patients
- Result : daily supplementation with EPA+DHA (~850 mg) reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality by 20%
- Source : The Lancet, 1999; 354(9177):447-55
2. Brain function & prevention of cognitive decline
MIDAS Study (Memory Improvement with DHA Study, 2010)
- Population : adults ≥55 years with memory disorders
- Result : 900 mg DHA/day improved episodic memory
- Source : Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2010; 6(6):456-64
3. Vision and eye health
AREDS2 study (Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2, 2013)
- Result : DHA and EPA associated with reduced progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
- Source : JAMA, 2013; 309(19):2005–2015
4. Joint inflammation and pain
Study Calder PC et al. (2006)
- Result : EPA and DHA have clinically significant anti-inflammatory effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
- Source : The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2006; 65(3): 326–332
Purity and cold extraction
Although there are no studies directly on cold extraction, this process preserves the integrity of omega-3s avoiding their oxidation. The quality (low Totox index) is a indirect marker of efficacy , and gentle processes (without chemical solvent) are preferred in studies comparing the bioavailability of oils.