A common, multifaceted… and still mysterious disorder
In French classrooms, between 3.5 % and 5.6 % of students would be living with attention deficit disorder, whether or not it is accompanied by hyperactivity. The diagnosis generally falls around 9-10 years and comes in three main profiles :
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Predominant inattention (≈ 47 % of children)
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Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (≈ 36 %)
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Mixed form bringing together inattention + hyperactivity (≈ 17 %)
Genetics plays a recognized role, but it doesn't explain everything: the environment, from fetal life onward, also contributes to vulnerability to ADHD. Among the avenues already documented: exposure to lead or pesticides, iron or omega-3 deficiencies, obstetric complications, early stress, infections, etc.
The intestinal microbiota, a new suspect
For several years, researchers have been scrutinizing our intestinal microbiota – these billions of bacteria, viruses and fungi lodged in our intestines – as a possible actor in neuropsychiatric disorders. When an imbalance (dysbiosis) sets in, it can modify the permeability of the digestive wall, filter out unwanted molecules and influence the brain via the gut-brain axis.
A team has focused specifically on the fungal fraction microbiota (yeasts and microscopic fungi). Objective : see if a " mycobiota-dysbiosis » increases the risk of ADHD in children.
The study in brief
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Participants : 70 children (35 with ADHD, 35 controls).
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Analyses : Yeast sequencing in stool + intestinal permeability test.
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Major results :
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Significantly different fungal composition in ADHD children.
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Candida albicans particularly abundant in this group.
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This over-representation correlated with a more “ permeable ".
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Conclusion : Fungal dysbiosis could promote the passage of pro-inflammatory molecules into the bloodstream, alter neurodevelopment and increase susceptibility to ADHD.
Why is this important?
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Modifiable factor : unlike genes, the microbiota evolves ; diet, probiotics, prebiotics or targeted antifungals could in theory rebalance the flora.
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Early detection : a simple digestive test could, tomorrow, identify children at risk before the appearance of symptoms.
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Integrative approach : combining behavioral support, nutritional monitoring and microbiota support would offer a more comprehensive strategy.
In practice, what can be done now?
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Take care of your plate : plant variety, fiber, omega-3 (oily fish, nuts) and limit refined sugars which feed Candida.
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Antibiotic vigilance : antibiotics unbalance the flora ; only use them when really needed.
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Soothing lifestyle : regular sleep and physical activity, both of which are beneficial for both the gut and the brain.
To remember
ADHD is a complex disorder where genes and environment intersect. intestinal microbiota, and in particular its fungal component, appears as a new piece of the puzzle : understanding its impact opens up new avenues for prevention and support for the children concerned.
